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| 1264 |
| | | Kublai defeats his brother Ariq Böge and thus establishes his position as Great Khan of the Mongols | |
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| 1264 |
| | | Simon de Montfort, leading the barons in rebellion, captures Henry III and his son Edward at Lewes | |
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| c. 1265 |
| | | Hulagu and his Mongol descendants rule Persia as Il-khans, subordinate to the great khan in the east | |
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| 1265 |
| | | Prince Edward, escaping from captivity, defeats and kills Simon de Montfort at Evesham | |
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| 1295 |
| | | The new Mameluke dynasty in Egypt begins a systematic campaign to drive the Crusaders out of the Middle East | |
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| c. 1266 |
| | | Thomas Aquinas begins the outstanding work of medieval scholasticism, his Summa Theologiae | |
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| 1267 |
| | | In a treaty agreed at Shrewsbury, the English king Henry III acknowledges Llewellyn ap Gruffydd as the prince of Wales | |
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| 1268 |
| | | The first mention of a lens occurs in a manuscript by Roger Bacon, to be soon followed by the invention of spectacles | |
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| 1269 |
| | | The Marinids, a Berber tribe, take Marrakech and bring to an end Almohad rule in Morocco | |
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| c. 1270 |
| | | The Assassins are systematically destroyed by Baybars, the Mameluke sultan of Egypt | |
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